What drawbacks do manual load tests have?

The manual load testing drawbacks are:

• It is very expensive to do Manual Testing, as real users charge by the hour.
• With manual load testing, load testing for longer durations like for 7 days won’t be possible, as users really work a maximum of eight hours daily.
• You will not get accuracy for results correlation as there are delays between actions of users.
• It is hard to do results collection as the results capture each other.
• It is hard to do.

What are the criteria for entering and exiting in testing performance?

You can begin testing application performance during the designs. After evaluating these tests, you can collect and analyze the results for performance to be improved. The process of performance tuning will be done throughout the life cycle of the application development. Performance tuning is done based on factors like application release time and application stability user requirement, scalability under load, reliability, performance tolerance and stress tolerance criteria. The end criteria in some projects are defined based on the performance of the client, defined for each application section. When a product gets to the level expected then this is considered as performance testing end criteria.

Mention what is the benefit of LoadRunner on testing tools?

Benefit of LoadRunner testing tools is

• Versatility
• Test Results
• Easy Integrations
• Robust reports
• Enterprise Package

Mention what are the phases for automated performance testing?

Phases for automated performance testing includes

• Design or Planning
• Build
• Execution
• Analyzing & Tuning

Explain what are the common mistakes done in Performance Testing?

The common mistakes done in Performance Testing are

• Direct jump to multi-user tests
• Test results not validated
• Unknown workload details
• Too small run durations
• Lacking long duration sustainability test
• Confusion on definition of concurrent users
• Data not populated sufficiently
• Significant difference between test and production environment
• Network bandwidth not simulated
• Underestimating performance testing schedules
• Incorrect extrapolation of pilots
• Inappropriate base-lining of configurations

How can you call a WinRunner script from LoadRunner?

 a.    First generate a scenario by exchanging the VUser script for a GUI WinRunner script.

b.    Select the Details option from the Host menu.

c.    Select the check box for GUI WinRunner.

d.    Finally, execute the scenario.

Can LoadRunner be used to test non-web based applications such as desktop applications?

 LoadRunner can be used for desktop applications. When the VU generator is started, it allows the tester to select the protocol that should be used. In addition to options for web-based applications, there are options for client/server applications as well.

What are the various types of Goals in Goal-Oriented Scenario ?

 Load Runner provides you with five different types of goals in a goal oriented scenario:

- The number of concurrent Vusers
- The number of hits per second
- The number of transactions per second
- The number of pages per minute

The transaction response time that you want your scenario Analysis Scenario (Bottlenecks): In Running Vuser graph correlated with the response time graph you can see that as the number of Vusers increases, the average response time of the check itinerary transaction very gradually increases. In other words, the average response time steadily increases as the load increases. At 56 Vusers, there is a sudden, sharp increase in the average response time. We say that the test broke the server. That is the mean time before failure (MTBF). The response time clearly began to degrade when there were more than 56 Vusers running simultaneously.

How did you plan the Load?

 Load test is planned to decide the number of users, what kind of machines we are going to use and from where they are run. It is based on 2 important documents, Task Distribution Diagram and Transaction profile. Task Distribution Diagram gives us the information on number of users for a particular transaction and the time of the load. The peak usage and off-usage are decided from this Diagram. Transaction profile gives us the information about the transactions name and their priority levels with regard to the scenario we are deciding.

What is Ramp up? How do you set this?

 This option is used to gradually increase the amount of Vusers/load on the server. An initial value is set and a value to wait between intervals can be specified. To set Ramp Up, go to Scenario Scheduling Options

How do you write user defined functions in LR?

Before we create the User Defined functions we need to create the external library (DLL) with the function. We add this library to VuGen bin directory. Once the library is added then we assign user defined function as a parameter. The function should have the following format: __declspec (dllexport) char* (char*, char*)

Explain the Configuration of your systems?

The configuration of our systems refers to that of the client machines on which we run the Vusers. The configuration of any client machine includes its hardware settings, memory, operating system, software applications, development tools, etc. This system component configuration should match with the overall system configuration that would include the network infrastructure, the web server, the database server, and any other components that go with this larger system so as to achieve the load testing objectives.

When do you disable log in Virtual User Generator, When do you choose standard and extended logs?

Once we debug our script and verify that it is functional, we can enable logging for errors only. When we add a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. Standard Log Option: When you select Standard log, it creates a standard log of functions and messages sent during script execution to use for debugging. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled Extended Log Option: Select extended log to create an extended log, including warnings and other messages. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a script to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. We can specify which additional information should be added to the extended log using the Extended log options.

Why do you create parameters?

Parameters are like script variables. They are used to vary input to the server and to emulate real users. Different sets of data are sent to the server each time the script is run. Better simulate the usage model for more accurate testing from the Controller; one script can emulate many different users on the system.

Explain the recording mode for web Vuser script?

We use VuGen to develop a Vuser script by recording a user performing typical business processes on a client application. VuGen creates the script by recording the activity between the client and the server. For example, in web based applications, VuGen monitors the client end of the database and traces all the requests sent to, and received from, the database server. We use VuGen to: Monitor the communication between the application and the server; Generate the required function calls; and Insert the generated function calls into a Vuser script.

What is a rendezvous point?

You insert rendezvous points into Vuser scripts to emulate heavy user load on the server. Rendezvous points instruct Vusers to wait during test execution for multiple Vusers to arrive at a certain point, in order that they may simultaneously perform a task. For example, to emulate peak load on the bank server, you can insert a rendezvous point instructing 100 Vusers to deposit cash into their accounts at the same time.

What is LoadRunner?

LoadRunner works by creating virtual users who take the place of real users operating client software, such as sending requests using the HTTP protocol to IIS or Apache web servers. Requests from many virtual user clients are generated by Load Generators in order to create a load on various servers under test these load generator agents are started and stopped by Mercury's Controller program. The Controller controls load test runs based on Scenarios invoking compiled Scripts and associated Run-time Settings. Scripts are crafted using Mercury's "Virtual user script Generator" (named "V U Gen"), It generates C-language script code to be executed by virtual users by capturing network traffic between Internet application clients and servers. With Java clients, VuGen captures calls by hooking within the client JVM. During runs, the status of each machine is monitored by the Controller. At the end of each run, the Controller combines its monitoring logs with logs obtained from load generators, and makes them available to the "Analysis" program, which can then create run result reports and graphs for Microsoft Word, Crystal Reports, or an HTML webpage browser.

Each HTML report page generated by Analysis includes a link to results in a text file which Microsoft Excel can open to perform additional analysis. Errors during each run are stored in a database file which can be read by Microsoft Access.

How did you find web server related issues?

 Using Web resource monitors we can find the performance of web servers. Using these monitors we can analyze throughput on the web server, number of hits per second that occurred during scenario, the number of http responses per second, the number of downloaded pages per second.

What is the relation between Response Time and Throughput?

The Throughput graph shows the amount of data in bytes that the Vusers received from the server in a second. When we compare this with the transaction response time, we will notice that as throughput decreased, the response time also decreased. Similarly, the peak throughput and highest response time would occur approximately at the same time.

If you want to stop the execution of your script on error, how do you do that?

The lr_abort function aborts the execution of a Vuser script. It instructs the Vuser to stop executing the Actions section, execute the vuser_end section and end the execution. This function is useful when you need to manually abort a script execution as a result of a specific error condition. When you end a script using this function, the Vuser is assigned the status "Stopped". For this to take effect, we have to first uncheck the “Continue on error" option in Run-Time Settings.  

What is the advantage of running the Vuser as thread?

VuGen provides the facility to use multithreading. This enables more Vusers to be run per
generator. If the Vuser is run as a process, the same driver program is loaded into memory for each Vuser, thus taking up a large amount of memory. This limits the number of Vusers that can be run on a single generator. If the Vuser is run as a thread, only one instance of the driver program is loaded into memory for the given number of Vusers (say 100). Each thread shares the memory of the parent driver program, thus enabling more Vusers to be run per generator.

How do you perform functional testing under load?

Functionality under load can be tested by running several Vusers concurrently. By increasing the amount of Vusers, we can determine how much load the server can sustain.

Where do you set automatic correlation options?

Automatic correlation from web point of view can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire script and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created.

How do you find out where correlation is required? Give few examples from your projects?

Two ways: First we can scan for correlations, and see the list of values which can be correlated. From this we can pick a value to be correlated. Secondly, we can record two scripts and compare them. We can look up the difference file to see for the values which needed to be correlated.  In my project, there was a unique id developed for each customer, it was nothing but Insurance Number, it was generated automatically and it was sequential and this value was unique. I had to correlate this value, in order to avoid errors while running my script. I did using scan for correlation.

How to Creating a Basic Script from Server Traffic (Web-Services) in Load runner??

Creating a Basic Script from Server Traffic (Web-Services) in Load runner

While dealing with web-services based application(s), sometimes it is not possible to capture the user actions using Vugen. This might be due to application nature or something else. In this case there is an utility to create a basic LR script by using "analyze traffic" feature of web-services based script.

The actions needed for this are as follows:

1. Create a network capture file
2. Open a new web-services script in Vugen and import the WSDL.
3. Use the analyze traffic option to generate the script.

Create the capture file:

You can obtain a capture file using the command line utility or any existing
capture tool.
There is a utility in Vugen's bin directory called as "lrtcpdump.exe"which can be used to create the network traffic capture file.

To create a capture file on a Windows platform follow the steps

1.Choose Start > Run, type cmd and click OK to open a command window.
2. Drag in or enter the full path of the lrtcpdump.exe program located in the product’s bin directory.
3. Provide a file name for the capture file using the following syntax: lrtcpdump -f
4. lrtcpdump prompts you to select a network card. If there are multiple interface cards, it lists all of them. Type in the number of the interface card (1, 2, 3 etc.) and click Enter.
5. Perform typical actions within your application.
6.Return to the command window and click Enter to end the capture session.

Use the analyze traffice option to generate the script.

1.Choose File > New and click New Single Protocol Script in the left pane.
2.Select the Web Services protocol and click OK.
3.Click the Analyze Traffic button or choose Vuser > Analyze Traffic. The wizard opens.
4.Add the WSDL file location/URL and select next (optional)
5.On the next page provide the capture file information and click Finish

This will generate your basic web-services script for the action(s) performed. Then you can do your customization (parametrization and correlation) to the script.

Note: Please make sure that while making the capture file, all other TCP application(s) are closed. Only the application under test should be opened.

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what is the Transaction Response Time in Load runner

Transaction Response Time in Load runner

Transaction Response Time :Time taken for the application to complete a transaction or business process.

Objective of measuring the Transaction Response Time – to ensure that the application is working perfectly under heavy load. However, the definition of heavy load may vary from system to system. In Loadrunner by defining an initial acceptable response time, we can benchmark the application if it is performing as anticipated.

Measuring transaction response time is important as it gives an idea of how the aplication is performing in terms of time. This performance parameter can be related to the end users at the time of processing request. It helps in understanding how their application performed.

Transaction Response Time is the sum of

1. Time taken for the request made to the web server
2. Time taken by the web server to process
3. Time taken by the application server to process
4. Time taken by the database server to process
5. Time taken for the procesed request to come back to the client / user through various routes
6. Time taken for the request or data in the network transmission is also considered in this – Network latency between the servers and the client

Measuring Transaction Response Time in LoadRuner: 

It begins when the defined transaction makes a request to the application. From here, till the transaction completes before proceeding with the next subsequent request (in terms of transaction), the time is been measured and will stop when the transaction completes.

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What is Little's law? How to do the Pacing calculations?

What is Little's law?

What is Pacing calculations?

 Little's Law:

Little's law is quite simple and intuitively appealing.

The law states that the average number of customers in a system (over some time interval), N, is equal to their average arrival rate, X, multiplied by their average time in the system, R.

N = X . R (or) for easy remembrance use L = A . W

This law is very important to check whether the load testing tool is not a bottleneck.
For Example, in a shop , if there are always 2 customers available at the counter queue , wherein the customers are entering the shop at the rate of 4 per second , then time taken for the customers to leave from the shop can be calculated as

N = X. R
R = 2/4 = 0.5 seconds

A Simple example of how to use this law to know how many virtual users licenses are required:

Web system that has peak user load per hour = 2000 users
Expected Response time per transaction = 4 seconds
The peak page hits/sec = 80 hits/sec

For carrying out Performance tests for the above web system, we need to calculate how many number of Virtual user licenses we need to purchase.

N = X . R
N = 80 . 4 = 320

Therefore 320 virtual user licenses are enough to carry out the Load Test.

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Display the total number of Vusers in the scenario instead of just the running Vusers

If you want to display the total number of Vusers in the scenario instead of just the running Vusers

There are two files that need modifications.

1. Open VuserStateGraph.def located under \bin\dat.

Search for the [AdditionalFilter0] section.
Change Values=Run to Values=Quit.
Save the file.

2. Open AnalysisSummary.asc located under \bin\dat.

a. Change FieldName=Maximum Running Vusers: toFieldName=Total Running Vusers:.
Save the file.

3. Open up the results file (.lrr) again, it will now display the Total Running Vusers as opposed to Maximum Running Vusers.

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Perceiver Monitoring tool

Perceiver is the new monitoring tool.This is introduced because Companies invest in enterprise applications and infrastructure to deliver optimal service to their end-user community. IT organizations are asked to manage more systems with fewer resources, while reducing costs. Performance Analysts and Capacity Planners are often asked to create volumes of custom charts and graphs for different audiences, instead of focusing on high value capacity planning and performance engineering responsibilities that provide a greater return on investment for the company.For this it is the best solution to use the BMC perceiver tool. 

KEY BENEFITS :
User interface allows non-experts to easily access actionable data 
Ad hoc queries to track, view, and relate performance metrics to business applications 
Common interface for enterprisewide systems and applications
Out-of-the-box value with BMC best practices view

FEATURES :
1.Enhances decision-making capabilities by providing direct access to relevant performance data through a dynamic Web interface
2.Provides ad-hoc queries to track, view and relate detailed performance metrics to business applications 
3.Increases the visibility and success of the performance organization by providing a consumer viewing tool for internal customers
4. Simplifies training and use via an easy-to-use web interface, eliminating the need for expert users and additional in-depth training
5. Maximizes the investment in BMC Performance Assurance by greatly increasing the number of direct users
6. Delivers out-of-the-box value with pre-loaded BMC Software Best Practice views including an online drag and drop editor for customization
7. Protects your performance investment by providing a performance viewing tool available across multiple platforms 

ABOUT BMC SOFTWARE BMC Software delivers the solutions:
IT needs to increase business value through better management of technology and IT processes. Our industry-leading Business Service Management solutions help you reduce cost, lower risk of business disruption, and benefit from an IT infrastructure built to support business growth and flexibility. Only BMC provides best-practice IT processes, automated technology management, and award-winning BMC Atrium technologies that offer a shared view into how IT services support business priorities. Known for enterprise solutions that span mainframe, distributed systems, and enduser devices, BMC also delivers solutions that address the unique challenges of the midsized business. Founded in 1980, BMC has offices worldwide and fiscal 2008 revenues of $1.73 billion. Activate your business with the power of IT. www.bmc.com

Working with Firewalls in Loadrunner

Working with a firewall means that you can prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network, on specific port numbers.

In a regular Load Runner load test scenario (not over a firewall), the Controller has direct access to the LoadRunner agents running on remote machines. This enables the Controller to connect directly to those machines.

When running Vusers or monitoring applications over a firewall, this direct connection is blocked by the firewall. The connection cannot be established by the Controller, because it does not have permissions to open the firewall.

LoadRunner solves this problem by using a communication configuration based on HTTPS or secured TCP/IP. This configuration uses the standard SSL port on the firewall (port 443).

A LoadRunner agent is installed on load generators running Vusers over a firewall, and on Monitor Over Firewall machines that monitor the servers that are located over a firewall. The agent communicates with the MI Listener machine through port 443 in the firewall.

The MI Listener is a component that serves as router between the Controller and the LoadRunner agent

.

When the LoadRunner agent connects to the MI Listener, the MI Listener keeps a listing of the connection to the agent using a symbolic name that the agent passed to it.

When the Controller connects to the MI Listener, it communicates to the MI Listener through port 50500.

The following diagram is a basic example of a LoadRunner deployment over a firewall.

Setting Up your System to Use Firewalls: 

Setting up your system to use firewalls involves the following stages of configuration:

Installation and initial configuration Running Vusers over a firewall

Installation and initial configuration:


To enable over-firewall communication, ensure that you have installed the
following LoadRunner components:

MI Listener:Monitor Over Firewall component 

To perform initial configuration of your over-firewall system

1. Configure your system according to TCP or HTTPS.
2. Modify your firewall settings to enable communication between the
machines on either side of the firewall.
3. Configure the MI Listener.

Configuring the MI Listener

To configure the MI Listener:

1. Open incoming HTTPS service for port 443. The port settings are set by your system administrator.
2. Stop the LoadRunner agent on the MI Listener machine by right-clicking its icon in the system tray and selecting Close from the popup menu. 

3. Run MI Listener Configuration from Start > Programs > LoadRunner > Advanced Settings, or run\launch_service\bin\MILsnConfig.exe.



4 .Set each option as described in the following table:

 5.Click OK to save your changes, Cancel to cancel them, or Use Defaults

 6.Restart the LoadRunner agent by double-clicking the shortcut on the desktop, or choosing Start > Programs > LoadRunner

 7.Make sure that port 443 is free on the MI Listener machine.

Running Vusers over a firewall:

To set up your system to run Vusers over a firewall:

1 .On each load generator machine that will be running over a firewall, configure the LoadRunner agent to communicate with the MI Listener.
2 .Configure the Controller machine to recognize the load generator and MI Listener machines.

Configuring LoadRunner Agents Over the Firewall

1. Stop the LoadRunner agent by right-clicking its icon in the system tray and selecting Close.
2 .Run Agent Configuration from Start > Programs > LoadRunner > Advanced Settings, or run \launch_service\bin\AgentConfig.exe.
3. Select the Enable Firewall Agent check box, and then click Settings.



The Agent Configuration dialog box opens.



4 .Set each option as described in “Agent Configuration Settings”




5. Click OK to save your changes, or Cancel to cancel them.
6. Restart the LoadRunner agent by double-clicking the shortcut on the desktop, or select Start > Programs > LoadRunner > LoadRunner Agent Service/Process.
7. Check the connection status between the LoadRunner agent and the MI Listener.

Configuring the Controller for Running over a Firewall

1.Run the Controller from Start > Programs > LoadRunner > Applications > Controller and create a new scenario, or load an existing one.
2.Click Generators to display the Load Generators window. In the Name field, enter the symbolic name of the server. This is the same name that you entered in the Local Machine Key setting in the Agent Configuration.




3.Select the Load Generator, and click Details to display the Load Generator Information.




4.In the Security tab, enter the MI Listener machine's name in the MI Listener
field. This is the same name that you entered in the MI Listener Name
setting of the Agent Configuration dialog box. In this example, the MI
Listener is bunji.
5.In the Firewall Settings section, select one of the following options:

•  Enable running Vusers over Firewall. To run Vusers over the firewall.
•  Enable Monitoring over Firewall. To monitor Vusers over the firewall.

6.Click OK to return to the Load Generators dialog box.
7.Select the load generator and click Connect.

This will do all the setup required to run your test over the firewall.

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How do you identify the performance bottlenecks?

Performance Bottlenecks can be detected by using monitors. These monitors might be application server monitors, web server monitors, database server monitors and network monitors. They help in finding out the troubled area in our scenario which causes increased response time. The measurements made are usually performance response time, throughput, hits/sec, network delay graphs, etc.

If you want to stop the execution of your script on error, how do you do that?

The lr_abort function aborts the execution of a Vuser script. It instructs the Vuser to stop executing the Actions section, execute the vuser_end section and end the execution. This function is useful when you need to manually abort a script execution as a result of a specific error condition. When you end a script using this function, the Vuser is assigned the status "Stopped". For this to take effect, we have to first uncheck the Continue on error option in Run-Time Settings.

How to execute Analysis with a .lrr or .lra file from command prompt in load runner

Executing Analysis from the command line:

Here is the command line that you need to execute to run Analysis from the command prompt:

"LoadRunner Install Dir"\bin\analysisui.exe -RESULTPATH "path to .lrr/.lra file" 
You can as use the flag -TEMPLATENAME templatename to specify the template you want to use.

NOTE: templatename should only contain the name of the template to be used. The full path is hard coded in a configuration file.

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What are the changes you can make in run-time settings?

The Run Time Settings that we make are:
Pacing - It has iteration count.
Log - Under this we have Disable Logging Standard Log and
Extended Think Time - In think time we have two options like Ignore think time and Replay think time.
General - Under general tab we can set the vusers as process or as multithreading and whether each step as a transaction.

Load Runner interview questions..

What is Performance Testing?

Performance Testing on a software application is done  to determine how speed, stability and scalability the application is. Speed refers to how fast the software application will respond, and stability refers to how the application handles varying workloads. Scalability is the total amount of workload the software application can handle.

What is Load Testing?

It is done to understand how varying expected loads would make the system behave. For instance, its behavior if they were many users concurrently using the same application to carry out critical transactions for a certain period of time. It is able to give the application's response time for all the important transactions in a business. Load testing can be done for a business's database and servers which will be very helpful in identifying any existent bottlenecks.

What is Stress Testing?

This is done to determine whether the software application can still perform well even in cases of extreme load. It helps the application administrators know to what extent the application can be stretched without creating bottlenecks.

What is Soak Testing?

Soak testing monitors the system's performance over time. It is also referred to as endurance testing. It aims at determining the system's capability to sustain the normal load over time. The test involves looking out for potential leaks by monitoring memory utilization, as well as performance degradation. Performance degradation refers to the system's response time over a prolonged period of sustained use. Does it remain constant, improve or decline? Results of this test are derived from application of a significant amount of load to the system for a particular period of time.

What is Spike Testing?

This test involves a sudden increase in the amount of load, for instance a sudden increase in the number of users making transactions using the application. It is meant to determine whether the system will crash, slow down or whether it will be able to handle the surge.

What is Isolation Testing?

This is usually a repeat of the test execution that had caused a problem in the system. It is done to confirm the domain in which the fault had occurred.

What is Volume Testing?

It is a non-functional test. A certain amount of data is used to test the software application. The data can be a database or an interface file like .dat or. xml. To volume test the database, expand it to the desired size and then test the application for it. If you need the application to interact with a specific interface file, get a sample of the size you desire and then run the application.

What is Failover Testing?

Failover testing is done in order to determine if a server fails during the heavy load: Is load balancer able to react quickly and is able to drive the traffic to another web server/application server. Is the other web server/application server able to handle the unexpected load. This test helps to determine how the server behaves during these type of scenarios.

Explain the performance test life cycle that you follow?

• Gathering the requirements from client
• Understanding the architecture/environment of the application
• Planning and Designing the tests
• Preparing and enhancing the scripts
• Executing the tests in controller
• Analyzing the results
• Fine tuning the application
• Retesting the application after fine tuning the application and repeat this process until we meet the SLA (Not 100% up to 90% at least).

What are all the requirements you gather from your client for performance testing?

• The architecture of the application and the technologies used to develop the application?
• What is a web server, application server and database server?
• What are the browsers and Java versions supported by the application?
• What are the different load balance techniques used?
• What are the protocols used between client and server? Ex: HTTP, HTTPS, FTP etc.
• What are the Business scenarios we need to test?
• What are the preferred tools for performance testing and monitoring? Ex: Loadrunner, Jmeter, Sitescope and Wily Introscope.
• What is the workload model and identifying the workload model?
• SLA of the application in terms of response times and hardware resource utilization.

Have you prepared Test Plan/Test Strategy?

Yes.

What are the contents in your Test Plan/Test Strategy?

It's always better to go through the test plan before the interview, it helps a lot. Some of the Test Strategy contents are Introduction, Purpose of The Document, Scope Of The Document, Application Architecture And Topology, Performance Testing Requirements And Dependencies, Objectives And Goals Of Performance Testing, Scope Of Performance Testing, In Scope, Out Of Scope, Application Performance Scenarios, Workload Characteristics, Application Test Environment, Performance Test Tools, Performance Test Dependencies, Hardware Dependency, Software Dependency etc.

What is little’s law?

please go through this link for little's law http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little's_law

Tell me some of the performance testing tools that you use in your company?

Loadrunner, Jmeter, Sitescope, HP Diagnostics, Wily Introscope, Dynatrace and Java Profiler.

What is performance tuning?

Performance tuning is done during the process of performance testing. Issues will be identified during the different types of performance testing. Performance tuning will be done based on the issues. It might be a software / hardware tuning. Usually Bottlenecks are identified in application and database servers. Proper tuning of the servers, code and SQL queries resolves the issue. Sometimes changes in the hardware resources will also help. 

How to replay Citrix script against a different window size

If you are running a citrix script some times you may get error of different window size.The solution is

Go to the script directory in Windows Explorer.

Open the default.cfg file located inside the script directory and change the window= value under the [CITRIX] section to a valid value that can be seen in the recording options (640 x 480, 800 x 600, 1024 x 768,1280 x 1024 and 1600 x 1200).


Note: if you have any ctrx_sync_on_bitmap functions recorded it will not replay in the new window setting because the hash value will be different.

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Strtok Function in Loadrunner

Sometimes we want to capture all the values that match our specified delimiters and conditions but strtok function itself only captures the current value in the char token. Adding a sprintf function will allow you to store each of the values that you want to capture for later use (like choosing random) in different parameters.

Below is the code:

getMultipleValues(char *Chain){
 
    char separators[] = ":,";
    char * token, tempvalue [100];
    int i;
 
    extern char * strtok(char * string, const char * delimiters );
 
    token = (char *)strtok(Chain, separators);
 
    while (token != NULL ) {

        if(strcmp(token,"\"ID\"")==0){
         
            token = (char *)strtok(NULL, separators);
         
             
        sprintf(tempvalue,"ProjectId_%d",i);
         
        lr_save_string(token,tempvalue);
     
        i++;
   
           }
     
        token = (char *)strtok(NULL, separators);
     
    }

Where you call the function: getMultipleValues(lr_eval_string("{ParamName}"));

Assuming the string Items{“ID”:29990, “Name”: TestName1, “OtherArguments”:Test1}{“ID”:29991, “Name”: TestName2, “OtherArguments”:Test2}{“ID”:29992, “Name”: TestName3, “OtherArguments”:Test3}

The output would be:
ProjectId_0 = 29990

ProjectId_1 = 29991

ProjectId_2 = 29992